By Peter Kareiva, Heather Tallis, Taylor H. Ricketts, Gretchen C. Daily, Stephen Polasky
ISBN-10: 0199588996
ISBN-13: 9780199588992
In 2005, The Millennium atmosphere review (MA) supplied the 1st international evaluation of the world's ecosystems and atmosphere companies. It concluded that contemporary traits in atmosphere swap threatened human well being as a result of declining surroundings providers. This bleak prophecy has galvanized conservation firms, ecologists, and economists to paintings towards rigorous valuations of surroundings companies at a spatial scale and with a answer that may tell public coverage.
The editors have assembled the world's top scientists within the fields of conservation, coverage research, and source economics to supply the main in depth and top technical analyses of atmosphere companies thus far. A key concept that publications the technological know-how is that the modelling and valuation methods being built should still use information which are on hand world wide. moreover, the publication files a toolbox of surroundings carrier mapping, modeling, and valuation versions that either the character Conservancy and the area vast Fund for Nature (WWF) are starting to follow worldwide as they remodel conservation from a biodiversity merely to a humans and atmosphere prone time table. The ebook addresses land, freshwater, and marine platforms at various spatial scales and contains dialogue of the way to regard either weather swap and cultural values while reading tradeoffs between surroundings prone.
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Extra info for Natural Capital: Theory and Practice of Mapping Ecosystem Services
Sample text
As discussed below, “willingness to pay” offers a measure of the change in well-being to humans generated by a given policy change to protect nature or environmental quality. No comparable measure is currently available for assessing changes in satisfaction to other species or communities of them. Also, it is difficult to draw a clear line between biocentric value and certain anthropocentric values. When individuals call for a biocentric approach, they may actually 18 I N T E R P R E T I N G A N D E S T I M AT I N G T H E VA LU E O F E C O S YSTE M SE RV I CE S be expressing the anthropocentric satisfaction they would gain if that approach were followed.
However, it asserts that we should assign value (and therefore help other forms of life) only insofar as we humans gain satisfaction or well-being from doing so. The notion of satisfaction here should be interpreted broadly, to encompass not only mundane enjoyments (as with consuming plants or animals for food) but also more lofty pursuits (such as marveling at the beauty of an eagle). Anthropocentric value can be categorized according to the way the satisfaction is generated. Use value refers to satisfaction that involves (directly or indirectly) a physical encountering with the object in question.
The array of services provided by ecosystems spans all of these categories of values. The pest control and flood control services they offer have direct use value to nearby agricultural producers. Their provision of habitat for migratory birds confers an indirect use value for people who enjoy watching them (non-consumptive) or hunting them (consumptive). Ecosystems also yield an existence value: wetlands, for example, provide such value to people who simply appreciate the fact that wetlands or their services exist.