By April Carter
ISBN-10: 0710069928
ISBN-13: 9780710069924
Anarchism is an important yet fairly overlooked of political notion. April Carter examines the anarchist critique of the country, of forms, of democratic govt and contrasts this perspective with extra orthodox political thought. She additionally considers anarchist theories and social and monetary association, the relevance of anarchism to modern stipulations and the issues of idealism in politics.
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In their analysis of French bureaucracy De Tocqueville and Kropotkin converge. De Tocqueville draws on his knowledge of the ancien regime to develop his case-the damaging effects of the administration on the French economy, its inherent cumbersomeness and rigidity, its disregard of individual rights and of the law, and its enervating influence on social attitudes. In eighteenthcentury France Government inspectors made peasants tear up vines not planted in soil specified by official regulations; the Controller General in Paris had to decide the site of a workhouse hundreds of miles away, or regulate a village fete; a passion for building highways in perfectly straight lines led to the tearing down of houses 34 Anarchism and the State in the way and confiscation of land without just compensation; and the Administration frequently overstepped its statutory powers; worst of all local councillors became abjectly servile before central authority, and every Frenchman became accustomed to the idea that the only way to get things done was to petition Paris.
Whether strictly controlled decentralization and use of market mechanisms can do more than mitigate bureaucratic chaos is still to be proven. But from an anarchist standpoint both approaches are totally unsatisfactory in principle, and fail to tap resources of initiative and responsibility which stem from free co-operation and participation in decisionmaking. The criteria for measuring a concept like 'efficiency' in relation to bureaucratic and economic organization are far from unambiguousand in Kropotkin's approach they overlap with an assessment of the total quality of social, cultural and personal life.
A useful starting point for discussion of the State is Kropotkin's attempt to dispel confusion about terminology. Kropotkin remarks in his pamphlet on The State that: State and government represent two ideas of a different kind. The State not only includes the existence of a power placed above society, but also a territorial concentration and a concentration of many or even all functions of the life of society in the hands of a few (10). Kropotkin argues that to understand the State one must understand its historical origins and development; this historical analysis also reveals how the State differs from Society.