By Mohan Munasinghe, Jeffrey A. McNeely, Adelaida Schwab
ISBN-10: 0821331329
ISBN-13: 9780821331323
Read Online or Download Protected area economics and policy: linking conservation and sustainable development PDF
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Additional resources for Protected area economics and policy: linking conservation and sustainable development
Sample text
The economic value of a protected area depends greatly on the management regime applied to that area. In other words, value is influenced not only by biological and economic factors, but also by the institutions that are established to manage the resources contained in the protected area. Of course, economics has its limits. " It is difficult to assign economic values to species preservation because of the factors of irreversibility accompanying species extinction, difficulties in measuring the preferences of future generations, the problem of present costs and future benefits, and the distinction between commodity value and moral value.
This impressive figure can be put into perspective by considering that domestic tourism, which is not included in these figures, is larger than international tourism by a ratio of 10 to 1. However, travel costs would be less for domestic tourism, and for many developing countries, such tourism will not generate badly needed foreign exchange revenues. These authors indicated that some 32 percent of tourists stated that scenery, nature, and wildlife were the most enjoyable part of their trip, while approximately 80 percent of tourists come to Kenya and Zimbabwe primarily for the wildlife.
Instead, building a series of 'small wins' creates a sense of control, reduces frustration and anxiety and fosters continued enthusiasm" (Heinen and Low 1992). At the same time, it is necessary also to maintain a more comprehensive outlook. All protected areas programs reflect a conflict of interests between alternative uses of scarce resources, and therefore, involve an economic component. Additionally, the reasons for desiring conservation of the natural environment and reduced pollution differ among nations.