By Anthony Maniscalco
ISBN-10: 1438458436
ISBN-13: 9781438458434
Inspite of their public sights and thousands of holiday makers, so much procuring department shops at the moment are off-limit....
Read or Download Public Spaces, Marketplaces, and the Constitution: Shopping Malls and the First Amendment PDF
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Additional info for Public Spaces, Marketplaces, and the Constitution: Shopping Malls and the First Amendment
Sample text
54 These expanded expressions of the public sphere beckon Habermas’s second indicator: quantity of discourse. They may also signal a pivot in Habermas’s argument, when he exhibits more unease about the growing synergies between public and private, politics and markets, discourse and mediation. As he turns his attention to the decline of the modern public sphere, Habermas detaches civic activity from commercial intercourse and social reproduction. And though he is critical of Arendt for historicizing a golden age based on a misinterpretation of the ancient agora, Habermas may himself be guilty of romanticizing the bourgeois public sphere and spatiality during the Enlightenment.
An innovation on Whyte’s argument from accommodation is found in the work of J. B. Jackson. Jackson considers public space to be a nucleus of tolerance, which is engineered not by planners or environmental designers, but rather by the users who annex it for their own diverse needs, including civic uses. His work therefore anticipates an emerging canon of thought, which posits public space as the outcome of client negotiation and, at times, contestation. 24 Jackson, too, reflects Whyte’s concerns about bonus plazas and the like.
Openness to Enclosure: Medieval and Early Modern Markets 33 After the fall of the Roman Empire in the fifth century AD, populations dispersed, moved to the countryside, and left a great void where publicly functioning centers once sat. 34 The construction of walled towns generated a revival of open marketplaces. These medieval markets evolved slowly. 35 As people and technological innovations continued to spread across Europe, marketplaces became permanent fixtures, though they remained fairly unstructured with respect to their spatiality and design.