By Theodore Trefon
ISBN-10: 1842774905
ISBN-13: 9781842774908
ISBN-10: 1848131127
ISBN-13: 9781848131125
Read or Download Reinventing Order in the Congo: How People Respond to State Failure in Kinshasa PDF
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Extra resources for Reinventing Order in the Congo: How People Respond to State Failure in Kinshasa
Sample text
3 It is more the imperturbable thirst for life that Kinois cling to, than the deplorable economic conditions, that has generated the bargaining phenomenon. It may be interpreted as chaotic or subversive according to classic, free-market, Western norms, but in the Congo it is an immensely powerful form of social organization, inextricably linked to Kinshasa’s political economy. Underestimating its significance would be a political mistake. Trying to eliminate it will be impossible before new economic opportunities are created.
Another option is buying water from individuals at parcelles identified by radio trottoir as having water available. Getting the water home is the next ordeal. Depending on the volume of water and the distance to home, different techniques are adopted. It can be carried in buckets on the head (by women, girls and boys) or in wheelbarrows (by older boys); put in barrels and rolled along the ground (by men); or transported by car or taxi (by men or women). Containers used to collect, carry and conserve water range from plastic buckets, to – litre drums, to litre plastic cisterns or even larger ,–, litre cisterns made of galvanized metal, cement or brick.
Given the precariousness of life in Kinshasa, people have been forced to depend on – that is, bargain with – others. Individual needs are consequently addressed best through multi-actor bargains. Every Kinois is subject to this system. It takes place in all sectors of daily life and cuts across the entire social spectrum. Those who try to evade this form of solidarity are quickly brought to order, usually by trickery but sometimes by force. As in formal economies where tax evasion is sanctioned, evasion of paying a solidarity tax in Kinshasa is also sanctioned.