By J.P. Sommerville
ISBN-10: 0582320062
ISBN-13: 9780582320062
This recognized booklet reasserts the critical value of political and non secular ideology within the origins of the English Civil conflict. contemporary historiography has targeting its social and fiscal factors: Sommerville reminds us what the folks of the time notion they have been combating approximately. reading the most political theories in c.17th England - the Divine correct of Kings, govt by means of consent, and the traditional structure - he considers their impression on genuine occasions. He attracts on significant political thinkers like Hobbes and Locke, but additionally on lesser yet extra consultant figures, to discover what used to be new in those principles and what used to be in basic terms the typical forex of the age. This significant re-creation accommodates all of the most recent pondering at the topic.
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Example text
T hroughout the play, Lear’s disobedient daughters are portrayed as ‘unnatural’, while only Cordelia’s loyalty ‘redeems nature from the general curse’. Through the words o f the Duke o f Albany, Shakes peare made explicit the assumption that hum an society cannot prosper if family ties are dishonoured. Albany complains that if God does not punish Lear’s ungrateful daughters (‘Tigers, not daughters’), then ‘Hum anity must perforce prey on itself, Like monsters o f the deep’. , Patriarcha and other political works o f S ir R obert Filmer (O xford 1949) 3 - or later - John M .
God could punish an evil king or a wicked people by altering the form o f governm ent or the person o f the ruler. Provid ence sometimes employed such unlawful means as rebellion or usurpation in accomplishing this end. Saravia believed that almost all the states o f con tem porary Europe had at first arisen either by conquest or by usurpation. Legitimate rule was distinguished from usurpation, but it was sometimes acknowledged that if a usurper and his descendants succeeded in establishing their rule for a sufficient length o f time, it would become legitimate.
M odern Catholics refer to this approach as ‘designation theory’. In the early seventeenth century Protestant absolutists such as James I and his supporters adopted strikingly similar views. Indeed, ‘designation theory’ was the orthodoxy o f early Stuart absolutists. DESIGNATION THEORY W riting in 1649, the puritan theologian John G oodwin recalled that between thirty and forty years since, when I was a young student in C am bridge . . such doctrines and devises as these: . . 28 G oodwin was right to think that these views were standard in academic circles before the Civil War.