By James Winter
ISBN-10: 0520216091
ISBN-13: 9780520216099
Nineteenth-century Britain led the realm in technological innovation and urbanization, and exceptional inhabitants progress contributed to boot to the "rash assault," to cite Wordsworth, on Victorian countrysides. but James iciness unearths that the British surroundings used to be usually spared common ecological damage.Drawing from a impressive number of resources and disciplines, wintry weather makes a speciality of human intervention because it not just destroyed but additionally preserved the actual atmosphere. commercial blight should be contained, he says, due to Britain's means to import assets from in other places, the conservative influence of the property procedure, and sure intrinsic boundaries of steam engines. The rash attack was once additional blunted through conventional agricultural practices, maintenance of forests, and a turning out to be sport that favourite liked landscapes. Winter's illumination of Victorian attitudes towards the exploitation of average assets bargains a beneficial preamble to ongoing discussions of human intervention within the surroundings.
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Extra resources for Secure from rash assault: sustaining the Victorian environment
Sample text
By way of balance, these new forms of transport helped to promote highly intensive and, at the same time, sustainable arable farming. This achievement, surely one of early and mid-Victorian Britain's most impressive, was brought about, not primarily by mechanization (steam or otherwise) or specialization, but by sophisticated crop rotation and a mixed-farming regime that relied heavily on the use of animal fertilizers and on skilled labor to increase productivity. This labor gave polish to the fields.
Consequently, British landlords had no compelling economic incentive to go against their inclinations and cover high, open slopes with alien conifers. Rapid train travel brought rich city dwellers to the deer forests of the Scottish Highlands, thus adding strength to the claim that steam was an ally of landscape richness and diversity. On the other side of the ledger were the steam plows and their need for large, flat, unencumbered fields. Furthermore, rail freight made it possible to roof urban industry and housing with slate.
He announced that a new "Age of Machinery" had arrived and was consolidating its gains: "Nothing is now done directly, or by hand; all is by rule and calculated contrivance. For the simplest operation, some helps and accompaniments, some cunning abbreviating process is in readiness. "2 Page 2 As we near the end of a millennium, pundits among us are similarly inclined toward prophecy; some of it hopeful, some angst-ridden. Either way, one notices that these predictions usually assume, as did those of Somerville and Carlyle, that technology, and the cast of mind that causes people to embrace it or at least accept it as inevitable, must transform society and its mechanisms as well as the material environment.