By David Harris
As advances in know-how and circuit layout increase working frequencies of microprocessors, DSPs and different quick chips, new layout demanding situations proceed to emerge. one of many significant functionality obstacles in latest chip designs is clock skew, the uncertainty in arrival occasions among a couple of clocks. expanding clock frequencies are forcing many engineers to reconsider their timing budgets and to exploit skew-tolerant circuit innovations for either domino and static circuits. whereas senior designers have lengthy built their very own ideas for lowering the sequencing overhead of domino circuits, this data has normally been secure as alternate mystery and has hardly been shared. Skew-Tolerant Circuit layout provides a scientific approach of attaining a similar target and places it within the arms of all designers.
This booklet basically provides skew-tolerant strategies and exhibits how they deal with the demanding situations of clocking, latching, and clock skew. It offers the training circuit dressmaker with a in actual fact exact educational and an insightful precis of the latest literature on those serious clock skew concerns. * Synthesizes the newest advances in skew-tolerant layout in a single cohesive instructional * presents incisive guideline and suggestion punctuated through funny illustrations * contains routines to check knowing of key strategies and options to chose routines
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Additional resources for Skew-Tolerant Circuit Design
Sample text
I ! ! I I ! I , ' Flip-flop timing Cycle 1 ' Cycle2 4 0 2 Static Circuits We can check that memory elements properly sequence data by making sure that data from this cycle does not mix with data from the p r e v i o u s or n e x t cycles. This is clear for a flip-flop because all data advances on the rising edge of the clock and at no other time. Transparent latches are also known as half-latches, D-latches, or twophase latches. 2. When the clock is high, the output tracks the input with a lag of ADQ.
By considering the components of clock skew and dividing a large die into multiple clock domains, we can budget smaller amounts of skew in most paths than we must budget across the entire die. By this point, we have developed all the ideas necessary to build fast skew-tolerant circuits. With a little practice, skew-tolerant circuit design is no harder than conventional techniques. However, it is impossible to build multimillion transistor ICs unless we have tools that can analyze and verify our circuits.
Ol i' Q1 (CombinationS) "[~ ~" logic 't'1 a~ [ ] tpw [ ' F-X_ [ ADCl ACDI ! 3 ! ,' -- 1 1' X ! ' ! I ! ,! ' ' , ! Pulsed latch timing Cycle 1 :! 2 Sequencing Overhead Ideally, the cycle time of a system should equal the propagation delay through the longest logic path. Unfortunately, real sequential systems introduce overhead that increases the cycle time from three sources: propagation delay, setup time, and clock skew. 1 we found that flip-flops pay all three sources of overhead. Data is launched on the rising edge of one flip-flop.