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By M.L. Jhingan

Now operating in its fortieth version, this hugely acclaimed, well known and top promoting textual content e-book in India and in another country and having U.S. Congress Library Catalog No. 78-906121

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Extra resources for The Economics of Development and Planning

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United Nations Research Institute for Social Development (UNRISD), Contents and Measurement of Social Economic Development, 1970. 15. Morris D. Morris, Measuring the Condition of the World’s Poor : The Physical Quality of Life Index, 1979. Fei, Ranis and Stewart16 found that meeting basic needs do not reduce productive investment in developing countries. They took a sample of nine countries. Their study revealed that Taiwan, South Korea, the Philippines, Uruguay and Thailand provided good basic needs and had above average investment ratios, whereas Columbia, Cuba, Jamaica and Sri Lanka had average investment ratios with good basic needs.

M. 7. 1. An increase in per capita income may not raise the real standard of living of the masses. It is possible that while per capita real income is increasing, per capita consumption might be falling. People might be increasing the rate of saving or the government might itself be using up the increased income for military or other purposes. 2. There is another possibility of the masses remaining poor despite an increase in the real GNP per capita if the increased income goes to the few rich instead of going to the many poor.

It lags behind path Al from time T2. Path A3 relates to the basic needs approach. In the beginning, high priority is given meeting the basic minimum current consumption level of the poor which may be below the consumption levels of the GNP/GNP per capita and welfare approaches up to time T3 . When the basic needs of the poor are met over time and their levels of productivity and incomes increase, growth is steeper from time T3 upwards. Path A3 overtakes first path A2 at point B and then path A1 at point C.

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