By Katherine C. Epstein
ISBN-10: 0674725263
ISBN-13: 9780674725263
When President Eisenhower stated the "military-industrial complicated" in his 1961 Farewell handle, he summed up in a word the merger of presidency and that ruled the chilly conflict usa. during this daring reappraisal, Katherine Epstein uncovers the origins of the military-industrial advanced within the many years previous international battle I, because the usa and nice Britain struggled to ideal an important new weapon: the self-propelled torpedo.
Torpedoes epitomized the intersection of geopolitics, globalization, and industrialization on the flip of the 20 th century. They threatened to revolutionize naval conflict by means of upending the fragile stability one of the world's naval powers. They have been got and offered in an international market, and so they have been state of the art business applied sciences. development them, notwithstanding, required immense capital investments and shut collaboration between scientists, engineers, businessmen, and naval officials. to deal with those bold demanding situations, the U.S. and British navies created a brand new procurement paradigm: rather than deciding to buy entire armaments from the non-public quarter or constructing them from scratch at public cost, they started to put money into private-sector learn and improvement. The innovations rising from torpedo R&D sparked felony battles over highbrow estate rights that reshaped nationwide safety law.
Blending army, felony, and company heritage with the background of technology and expertise, Torpedo recasts the function of naval energy within the run-up to global conflict I and exposes how nationwide protection can conflict with estate rights within the smooth era.
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Additional resources for Torpedo: Inventing the Military-Industrial Complex in the United States and Great Britain
Example text
Roughly two weeks after the department had received the Whitehead Company’s offer, the Bliss Company reported that it had secured the rights to manufacture the Obry gyroscope in the United States (although negotiations over the exact terms continued). 13 The commission reported enthusiastically on December 10, 1896, that the Obry offered “marked advantages” to torpedoes, increasing their effective range by as much as 50 percent, and repeated Converse’s recommendation that two sample gyroscopes be ordered immediately.
The key figure in this effort was Charles O’Neil, the chief of the bureau from 1897 to 1903, during which time he was also president of the Board on Construction. Established in 1889, the Board on Construction brought together the chiefs of the bureaus involved in naval construction (construction and repair, steam engineering, equipment, and ordnance), along with the chief of the Office of Naval Intelligence, to advise the Secretary of the Navy on ship building. €T. Sampson as chief of the Bureau of 35 t o r p e d o Ordnance, O’Neil began a campaign to acquire an underwater torpedo tube for use in battleships.
When asked to tender for 220 torpedoes, the company showed signs of its mounting frustration. It insisted that it would have to raise the price per torpedo on the grounds that previous prices had been artificially low because the company had not seen the specifications when it made its tender—Â�one of the shortcuts that the Admiralty had pressured it to take— Â�and therefore did not appreciate the accuracy of the work required. It shifted the blame for delays onto the Admiralty’s failure to provide drawings and specifications in a timely manner.