By Igor Vojnovic
ISBN-10: 1611860555
ISBN-13: 9781611860559
More than part the world’s inhabitants at present lives in city components, and nearly all the world’s inhabitants progress over the subsequent 3 a long time is anticipated to be in towns. What effect will this development have at the surroundings? What will we do now to pave the way in which for source durability? Sustainability has bought significant realization in recent times, even though conceptions of the time period stay imprecise. utilizing a big selection of towns worldwide as case reviews, this well timed booklet explores the various nature of worldwide urban-environmental stresses and the complexities curious about defining sustainability guidelines. operating with six center issues, the editor examines the previous, current, and way forward for city sustainability inside of neighborhood, nationwide, and international contexts.
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14 One year later, on December 18, 2009, at the UN Climate Change Conference in Copenhagen, President Obama announced his goal of reducing carbon emissions in the United States by 17 percent from 2005 levels by 2020. S. interest in the drafting of a legally binding international climate treaty evident at the Copenhagen Summit. S. ”15 The Copenhagen Accord was drafted at the 2009 Summit and received widespread, but not full, commitment from both wealthy and poor countries. The Copenhagen Accord, reinforced by the Cancun Agreements of December 2010, managed to keep the pursuit of an international climate agreement alive despite the many difficulties that remain ahead.
It should also be acknowledged that in many countries that had signed the 2005 Protocol, emissions have continued to increase. By December of 2007, however, there was a new hope that an international agreement on climate change would eventually include all the wealthy nations. After the November 27, 2007, Australian elections, the new Prime Minister Kevin Michael Rudd ratified the Kyoto Protocol as the first act of the new Australian government. In addition, shortly after, in December 2007, at ADVANC ING TOWAR D U R BAN SU STAINAB IL IT Y ■ 5 the International Climate Change Conference in Bali, 187 countries, including the United States, agreed to negotiate a new accord on climate change by 2009.
Dollars) GROSS YEARLY INCOME CITY INDUSTRIAL WORKERS PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS ENGINEERS AVG. 70 1,380 GROSS YEARLY INCOME CITY INDUSTRIAL WORKERS PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS ENGINEERS AVG. 60 1,010 Source: Union Bank of Switzerland, Price and Earning around the Globe (Zurich: UBS, 2003). 18 ■ IG O R VO J N OV IC Table 8. Socioeconomic indicators in low-income countries, 2000 REGION Sub-Saharan Africa Arab States LIVING ON LESS THAN ONE DOLLAR (PPP $US) A DAY TOTAL POPULATION UNDERNOURISHED CHILDREN AGE 5 DYING PEOPLE WITHOUT ACCESS TO IMPROVED WATER SOURCES PEOPLE WITHOUT ACCESS TO ADEQUATE SANITATION 323,000,000 185,000,000 5,000,000 273,000,000 299,000,000 8,000,000 34,000,000 1,000,000 42,000,000 51,000,000 East Asia and the Pacific 261,000,000 212,000,000 1,000,000 453,000,000 1,004,000,000 South Asia 432,000,000 312,000,000 4,000,000 225,000,000 944,000,000 Latin America and the Caribbean 56,000,000 53,000,000 0 72,000,000 121,000,000 Central and Eastern Europe and Commonwealth of Independent States World 21,000,000 33,000,000 0 29,000,000 — 1,100,000,000 831,000,000 11,000,000 1,197,000,000 2,742,000,000 Source: United Nations Development Program, Human Development Report 2004: Cultural Liberty in Today’s Diverse World (New York: United Nations Development Program, 2004).