By Costas Spirou
ISBN-10: 0203835808
ISBN-13: 9780203835807
ISBN-10: 0415801621
ISBN-13: 9780415801621
ISBN-10: 041580163X
ISBN-13: 9780415801638
City Tourism and concrete switch: towns in an international financial system offers either a sociological / cultural research of switch that has taken position in lots of of the world's towns. This centred therapy of city tourism examines the results of those adjustments for city administration and making plans experience, for fulfillment and failure in metropolitan switch. Uniquely suited to instructing reasons, Costas Spirou integrates various case experiences of towns to light up the numerous effect and promise of tourism on city photograph and monetary improvement
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Extra resources for Urban tourism and urban change: Cities in a global economy
Sample text
35 While urban restructuring was in full force, another set of changes was also in effect, and Moses was cognizant of the new direction and emerging ideals related to recreation. The affluence that characterized post-World War II America significantly altered the perception of leisure. Leisure for most Americans evolved from being a passive occurrence to becoming a sought after activity. For many years, vacations were reserved for the wealthy; however, by the 1960s and 1970s, more families were able to enjoy trips to the beach or to the countryside.
47 By 2004, more than 387 national park units were administered by the National Park Service. An upward trend has been observed in recent years. In 2009, the government designated nine new historic landmarks, bringing the total number of historical places close to 2,500. Then Interior Secretary Dirk Kempthorne noted “the historical and cultural developments reflected by these new National Historic Landmarks is tremendous. ”48 Interestingly, while these designations increased tourism, they also proved to positively impact economic development.
In his 1950 book The Lonely Crowd, Riesman tried to explain the historical shift by offering a three-stage typology. Riesman termed the first stage as the “tradition directed” style in which values already established by society are embraced. The second stage was termed the “inner directed” style, which drew from actions CHANGING CITIES 17 that focused on parental understanding and was characterized by a sense of commitment to immediate guidelines directed by an inner conscience. The third stage, identified as “other directed,” was where a mass culture allowed for a fundamentally changing nature of the social character that is not fi xed and rigid.