By Antonio Coca
ISBN-10: 3319320726
ISBN-13: 9783319320724
ISBN-10: 3319320742
ISBN-13: 9783319320748
This ebook specializes in assorted facets of the connection among high blood pressure and mind harm, delivering up to date details that may be of curiosity to either clinicians and researchers. After an introductory bankruptcy on epidemiology, the importance of varied comorbidities that characterize threat elements for mind harm within the context of high blood pressure is mentioned. targeted attention is then given to the consequences of high blood pressure on small and massive cerebral arteries and the results for mind harm. equally, the organization among high blood pressure and ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke is totally explored, and the facts and guidance concerning aid of hypertension in the course of the acute part of every type of stroke are summarized. either the first and the secondary prevention of stroke are addressed, with presentation of the result of key trials. Readers also will locate attention-grabbing new views at the roles of other imaging ideas, together with CT and sensible MRI, in detecting and diagnosing mind harm in sufferers with high blood pressure. The remaining chapters assessment the relation of high blood pressure to subjective and goal cognitive mess ups and to cognitive decline and dementia.
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Extra resources for Hypertension and Brain Damage
Sample text
Unfortunately, good epidemiological data for patterns of alcohol use and health outcomes in middle-income and low-income countries are lacking, especially due to the traditional habit of drinking homemade beverages. In the PURE study (Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology), 75 % of adult participants in high-income countries reported alcohol consumption compared with 12 % in low-income countries, who were younger and more prone to binge and heavy drinking [16]. Therefore, any potential reduced CV risk was masked by increased mortality and morbidity from alcoholrelated injury in younger subjects and a higher risk of cancer in older adults [17].
1 Alcohol and Its Burden Alcohol use contributes roughly 4 % of the global burden of disease, and its consumption is estimated to be the third most important modifiable risk factor for death and disability worldwide [13]. 5 g/day [14]. According to the literature, on average, we should all benefit from alcohol consumption. The relationship between alcohol use and health outcomes is complex and depends on the amount, type, and pattern of use. The Global Burden of Disease Study reports alcohol as a significant cause of chronic disease, but was mostly based on data from high-income countries, and alcohol consumption was mostly extrapolated from alcohol sales [15].
Even a small reduction in the population’s average salt intake could result in a major improvement in CV health. Strazzulo et al. 25 million deaths from stroke [6]. Aburto et al. analyzed the long-term effects in healthy, free-living, prehypertensive individuals who were not taking antihypertensive drugs in whom salt intake was estimated on the basis of multiple 24-h urine specimens and found a linear 17 % increase in risk per 1 g increase in sodium [55]. These results confirmed the need for a reduction of salt intake in the general population.