By Quang-Dung Ho, Daniel Tweed, Tho Le-Ngoc
ISBN-10: 331947345X
ISBN-13: 9783319473451
ISBN-10: 3319473468
ISBN-13: 9783319473468
This SpringerBrief specializes in the coexistence issues rising in LTE networks utilizing unlicensed frequency bands. It presents a accomplished evaluate on LTE networks and their unavoidable desire for improved skill to satisfy the calls for for destiny functions, together with a necessity for inexpensive options.
LTE utilizing unlicensed frequency (U-LTE) is then brought because the such a lot promising answer, and mentioned from a number of views to unveil its merits, demanding situations, and standards for coexistence with the widely-deployed IEEE 802.11/Wi-Fi expertise. assembly those coexistence standards is crucial issue for the popularity of U-LTE, and the vast majority of this short explores the massive photo matters and current recommendations concerning coexistence-aware medium entry protocols for heritage wisdom. A proposed network-aware adaptive listen-before-talk protocol is gifted and evaluated.
Finally, the authors establish a few open technical questions and strength examine matters in U-LTE. This SpringerBrief is appropriate for telecom engineers, researchers, and educational execs with important wisdom and capability operating or study instructions while designing and constructing medium entry protocols for subsequent new release instant entry networks.
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E. broadcast or unicast and scheduled or random access (random access is primarily used by a UE which has not yet associated to an eNB). The information-bearing physical channels are mapped by the PHY layer into transport channels supplied to the MAC sublayer, which in turn remaps these into several logical channels provided to the higher layers. 1 LTE-A Physical Layer The LTE PHY layer is designed to be both highly adaptable as well spectrally and power efficient. In the DL, OFDMA is used to schedule many signals in the same transmission time interval and achieve a high spectral efficiency; however, the very high peak to average power ratio makes this multiple access strategy unattractive in the UL for battery-dependent devices [5, 6].
11a updates released in 1999. 11b standard, considered as the first-generation WLAN technology, features two well-known spread spectrum technologies to distribute packets over a wireless medium, Frequency-Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS) and Direct-Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS), that are still in use by most wireless networks today. 4 GHz frequency band and can support a maximum data rate of 11 Mbps. 11a standard— the second-generation WLAN technology—employs orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) technology to enable a higher data rate of up to 54 Mbps.
These include significant enhancements to inter- and intra-band carrier aggregation and licensesassisted access to ISM bands, TV white space, and other under-utilized spectrum resources, as well as multi-carrier enhancements and improved CoMP and device-todevice communications [1]. Wireless network virtualization and hardware resource sharing, cloud-based radio access networks, and new system architectures are under consideration to support the requirements around energy efficiency and low-latency communications, among others.