By Leszek Kolakowski, P. S. Falla
ISBN-10: 0198245475
ISBN-13: 9780198245476
From thinker Leszek Kolakowski, one of many giants of twentieth-century highbrow background, comes this hugely infuential examine of Marxism. Written in exile, this 'prophetic paintings' offers, in accordance with the Library of Congress, 'the such a lot lucid and finished heritage of the origins, constitution, and posthumous improvement of the approach of suggestion that had the best effect at the 20th century'. Kolakowski lines the highbrow foundations of Marxist idea from Plotonius via Lenin, Lukacs, Sartre and Mao. He unearths Marxism to be 'the maximum fable of our century ...an concept that started in Promethean humanism and culminated within the titanic tyranny of Stalinism'. In an excellent coda, he examines the cave in of overseas Communism in gentle of the final tumultuous many years. major Currents of Marxism is still the critical booklet in its box.
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Extra info for Main Currents of Marxism: Its Rise, Growth and Dissolution, Volume 1: The Founders
Sample text
Gramsci accepts the distinction between the Renaissance and the Reformation, but in the process he redefines the relationship between the two, and with this redefinition presents not only a critique of the Crocean view of the Reformation and all similarly popular movements, but also outlines his own interpretation, which points toward the integration of these Crocean opposites. If Luther and the Reformation represent the interruption of the progress of spirit and philosophy, and if Marx and the socialist movement similarly represent the "corrupt philosophy" that penetrated to the people after the 1840s, then, it is relevant to ask, What is it that Croce and his philosophy represent?
Consequently, the overcoming and the transcendence of the inner spheres do not imply their total destruction and complete annihilation; rather, what is overcome is preserved and retained as a more profound and critical sense of the past, and of the consciousness of the past. The interaction between the people and their intellectuals cannot be schematic and mechanical, nor can such a relation be superimposed upon the people: it must be organic and dialectical—in the sense that the movement from one sphere to a higher one is seen and experienced by the popular masses as an unfolding and a flowering from within the body of the people.
In a sense, the factum is this very reciprocity and mutuality between theory and practice, and between cultura and politico. Therefore, "what is" is the historical product of social action, and it is constantly produced and created by the active intervention of a particular subject whose activity, and whose consciousness of such activity, together form the verum. The democratic philosopher is the new type of intellectual, who is central to the emergence and development of a people as a collective and moral force that fulfills itself in history and that creates its own reality and its own "truth"—that is, its own \aclum.