By Julio Sanchez
From cellphones and tv distant controls to car engines and spacecraft, microcontrollers are far and wide. Programming those prolific units is a way more concerned and built-in activity than it truly is for general-purpose microprocessors; microcontroller programmers needs to be fluent in software improvement, structures programming, and I/O operation in addition to reminiscence administration and process timing.
Using the preferred and pervasive mid-range 8-bit Microchip PIC® as an archetype, Microcontroller Programming deals a self-contained presentation of the multidisciplinary instruments had to layout and enforce sleek embedded platforms and microcontrollers. The authors start with easy electronics, quantity structures, and information innovations by means of electronic common sense, mathematics, conversions, circuits, and circuit elements to construct a company historical past within the laptop technological know-how and electronics basics interested by programming microcontrollers.
For the rest of the booklet, they specialize in PIC structure and programming instruments and paintings systematically via programming a number of capabilities, modules, and units. worthy appendices offer the total mid-range PIC guideline set in addition to extra programming suggestions, a consultant to resistor colour codes, and a concise strategy for construction customized circuit boards.
Providing simply the right combination of conception and functional advice, Microcontroller Programming: The Microchip PIC® is the suitable instrument for any novice or expert designing and imposing stand-alone platforms for a wide selection of functions.
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Extra info for Microcontroller Programming The Microchip PIC
Example text
The calculations consist of multiplying an accumulated value by 10. Initially, this accumulated value is set to 0. After multiplication by 10, the value of the digit is added to the accumulated value. The following algorithm is based on the second method in Figure 2-6. Number Systems 31 3 4 5 9 METHOD NUMBER 1 ASCII DECIMAL DIGITS 9 5 4 3 = 9 = 50 = 400 = 3000 = 3459 3 4 5 9 METHOD NUMBER 2 0 x 10 + 3 3 x 10 + 4 34 x 10 + 5 345 x 10 + 9 x 1 x 10 x 100 x 1000 binary ASCII DECIMAL DIGITS = 3 = 34 = 345 = 3459 Figure 2-6 Machine Conversion of ASCII Decimal to Binary 1.
In most digital machines the smallest unit of storage individually addressable is eight bits (one byte). Individual bits are not directly addressable and must be manipulated as part of larger units of data storage. 3 Byte Ordering The storage of a single-byte integer can be done according to the scheme in Figure 3-1. However, the maximum value that can be represented in eight bits is the decimal number 255. To represent larger binary integers requires additional storage area. Since memory is usually organized in byte-size units, any decimal number larger than 255 requires more than one byte of storage.
2 Types of Numbers By the adoption of special representations for different types of numbers the usefulness of a positional number system can be extended beyond the simple counting function. 1 Whole Numbers The digits of a number system, called the positive integers or natural numbers, are an ordered set of symbols. The notion of an ordered set means that the numerical symbols are assigned a predetermined sequence. A positional system of numbers also requires the special digit zero which, by itself, represents the absence of oneness, or nothing, and thus is not included in the set of natural numbers.