By Walter A. Elmore
ISBN-10: 0824709721
ISBN-13: 9780824709723
Concentrating on the most recent microprocessor applied sciences for extra refined functions within the box of strength process brief circuit detection, this revised and up-to-date resource imparts basic innovations and leap forward technology for the isolation of defective gear and minimization of wear and tear in strength approach apparatus–clearly describing key approaches, units, and parts an important to the security and regulate of strength process functionality and balance.
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Sample text
At the fault are various nonsymmetrical currents and voltages, as shown in the far right-hand column. The negative and, sometimes, the zero sequence quantities provide the transition between the symmetrical left-hand column and nonsymmetrical right-hand column. These quantities rotate and change to produce the nonsymmetrical, or unbalanced, quantity when added to the positive sequence. These phasors can be constructed easily by remembering which fault quantity should be minimum or maximum. In a phase c-a fault, for example, phase-b current will be small.
The steel plunger floats in an air gap provided by a nonmagnetic ring in the center of the magnetic core. When the coil is energized, the plunger assembly moves upward, carrying a silver disk that bridges three stationary contacts (only two are shown). A helical spring absorbs the ac plunger vibrations, producing good contact action. The air gap provides a ratio of dropout to pickup of 90% or greater over a two-toone pickup range. The pickup range can be varied from a two-to-one to a four-to-one range by the adjusting core screw.
The Y and Z branches. Thus, in Figures 2-40 and 2-41, the networks are reduced as follows: Positive and negative sequence networks Zero sequence network X1 ¼ 24628 ¼ j10:84 62 Y1 ¼ 28610 ¼ j4:52 62 24610 ¼ j3:87 Z1 ¼ 62 X0 ¼ 966 ¼ j0:72 75 Y0 ¼ 6660 ¼ j4:8 75 9660 Z0 ¼ ¼ j7:2 75 The networks now reduce to the simpler forms shown in Figure 2-40c. Since the two upper branches of each network are in parallel, they can be reduced as follows: Positive and negative sequence networks Zero sequence network 0:4716 0:5284 44:52649:87 94:39 ¼ 23:52 0:2594 0:7406 56:86162:2 219:0 ¼ 42:07 Phasors, Polarity, and Symmetrical Components 35 These reductions are shown in Figures 2-40d and 2-41c.