By Kim S. Ménard
ISBN-10: 1593321260
ISBN-13: 9781593321260
ISBN-10: 1593321848
ISBN-13: 9781593321840
M?nard examines the consequences of person and contextual components on sufferers' selection to touch the police. She investigated social norms in regards to the reporting of felony occasions and tested the mixed results of person and county components on sexual attack sufferers' selection to touch the police. on the person point, the chances of the sufferer contacting the police have been better while the attack was once serious or was once dedicated by means of a stranger. in spite of the fact that, even serious attacks by way of recognized offenders have been not going to be suggested. on the county point, symptoms generally linked to crime decreased the chances of sufferers contacting the police. additionally, elevated gender equality and sufferer prone lowered the percentages of rural in comparison to city sufferers reporting to the police.
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Additional resources for Reporting Sexual Assault: A Social Ecology Perspective (Criminal Justice: Recent Scholarship)
Example text
Alcohol consumption also predicted sexual assault in a study of 1,149 adolescent females (Small & Kerns, 1993). In this study, students were administered a 160-item self-report questionnaire regarding their experience of unwanted sex, alcohol use, peer conformity, history of sexual abuse, and parenting style. Results demonstrated that adolescents were at greater risk for unwanted sexual contact if they had a history of abuse, if they reported excessive alcohol use, if they scored high on peer conformity, and if their parents were authoritarian and did not monitor their behavior.
Similarly, negative victim characteristics, including the use of alcohol or drugs, reduced the length of sentences meted out to rape perpetrators (Kingsworth, MacIntosh, & Wentworth, 1999). Taken together, these findings imply that there are norms not to report to the police and not to view the crime as seriously when the victim has been drinking or using drugs. 26 Reporting Sexual Assault Victim-offender relationship. In addition to crime severity, age, gender, and intoxication, the victim-offender relationship generally affects victim reporting, such that the closer the relationship between the victim and the offender, the less likely the crime will be reported to the police (BJS, 2003; Gartner & Macmillan, 1995; Hanson, Resnick, Saunders, Kilpatrick, & Best, 1999; Hindelang & Gottfredson, 1976; Kaukinen, 2002; Lizotte, 1985; Ruback, 1993, 1994; Williams, 1984).
Research consistently finds that older victims, as compared to younger victims, are more likely to report their victimization to the police (Conaway & Lohr, 1994; Harlow, 1985; Skogan, 1976; 1984). A longitudinal study using the NCVS data found that the older the victim, the greater the likelihood of reporting a criminal victimization to the police (Conaway & Lohr, 1994). The most recent personal crime victimization statistics (BJS, 2003, Table 96) find a mostly positive relationship between age and reporting to the police.