By Nicholas Walliman
ISBN-10: 0415489946
ISBN-13: 9780415489942
Examine tools: the fundamentals is an obtainable, undemanding advent to the several features of analysis conception, equipment and perform. dependent in elements, the 1st protecting the character of data and the explanations for learn, and the second one the explicit equipment used to hold out powerful learn, this e-book covers: structuring and making plans a examine undertaking the moral matters serious about examine sorts of info and the way they're measured accumulating and studying information so one can draw sound conclusions devising a study idea and writing up the examine. whole with a thesaurus of keywords and courses to extra interpreting, this booklet is an important textual content for a person coming to investigate for the 1st time, and is largely suitable around the social sciences and arts.
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Additional info for Research Methods: The Basics
Example text
41 4 RESEARCH ETHICS Research, however novel its discoveries, is only of any value if it is carried out honestly. We cannot trust the results of a research project if we suspect that the researchers have not acted with integrity. Although it might be easy enough to take short cuts or even to cheat, it really is not worth it. Not only will your research be discredited when you are found out, but you will suffer severe penalties and humiliation. It is a simple matter to follow the clear guidelines in citation that will prevent you being accused of passing off other people’s work as your own – called plagiarism.
Arguments are based on logical reasoning of which, as explained in the previous chapter, there are two basic types: inductive reasoning, which entails moving from particular repeated observations to a general conclusion, and deductive reasoning, which entails going from a general principal (called a premise) to a conclusion about a particular case. The hypothetico-deductive method or scientific method is a further development of logical reasoning based on the principle that we can never be completely sure of any premises or conclusions that we make, but we can be more confident about some than others.
The conclusions must be based exclusively on the premises. If it is not possible to be absolutely certain that the conclusions are inevitable, you have the option to soften the concluding statement with conditions such as ‘it is likely that’, ‘it is probable that’ etc. 39 40 RESEARCH THEORY AND PRACTICE To refute a concluding statement requires you to show that the conclusion is false or untrue. This can be done by challenging the logic of the argument, challenging the truth of evidence on which the argument is based, or questioning the relevance or completeness of the evidence.