By Istvan Rev
ISBN-10: 0804736421
ISBN-13: 9780804736428
ISBN-10: 0804736448
ISBN-13: 9780804736442
Read Online or Download Retroactive Justice: Prehistory of Post-Communism (Cultural Memory in the Present) PDF
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Extra resources for Retroactive Justice: Prehistory of Post-Communism (Cultural Memory in the Present)
Example text
For example, in eastern and central Europe leading politicians of right-wing populist parties such as Attack in Bulgaria and the Movement for a Better Hungary (Jobbik) have accused the national elites of being agents of Israeli or Jewish interests. Finally, populism can be merged completely with nationalism, when the distinction between the people and the elite is both moral and ethnic. Here the elite are not just seen as agents of an alien power, they are considered alien themselves. ” Leaving aside the anti-Semitic rhetoric in eastern Europe, ethnic populism (or “ethnopopulism”) is most evident in contemporary Latin America.
S. populism from a primarily progressive into a predominantly reactionary phenomenon. For the anti-communist populists “the people” were the common and patriotic (“real”) Americans from the heartland, whereas “the elite” lived in the coastal areas, notably the Northeast, and covertly or overtly supported “un-American” socialist ideas. Linking populism to producerism, in which the pure people are squeezed between a corrupt elite above them and a racialized underclass below them, they accused the elite of mooching off the hard work of the people and of “redistributing” their wealth to the non-white underclass to stay in power.
In contrast to most other regions, populism is mostly associated with authoritarian strongmen like Ugandan president Yoweri Museveni and Zambian president Michael Sata, whose populism was part of an intra-elite struggle for power. Museveni introduced a “no-party system,” based on plebiscitarian instruments like referendums, and strongly opposed liberal democratic institutions like independent courts. ” Even in the exceptional case of South Africa, one of the few liberal democracies on the continent, populism has emerged mostly from within the establishment.