Download Seminole burning: a story of racial vengeance by Daniel F. Littlefield PDF

By Daniel F. Littlefield

ISBN-10: 0878059237

ISBN-13: 9780878059232

In 1898 after the homicide of a white girl, younger Seminoles have been chained and burned alive. Hiding in the back of a wall of silence and fearing reprisal for opting for their executioners, nearly the complete white neighborhood grew to become concerned with the ghastly execution.

In this soaking up narrative Daniel F. Littlefield, Jr., captures the horror and info the occasions that incited this alarming act of mob violence and neighborhood complicity. Seminole Burning not just offers an account of a dramatic, violent occasion in Indian–white family members but additionally presents insights into the social, fiscal, and criminal background of the times.

Although happening throughout the heyday of lynching in the USA, the execution of the younger Seminoles proved to be not only one other unhappy episode within the background of injustice. it seems that a vendetta prepared via the of the lifeless woman’s husband, it was once orchestrated by way of landless whites, who for per week after her homicide, had pressured and terrorized greater than twenty Seminole males and boys in settling on victims.

For having taken them out of Indian Territory and into Oklahoma for execution, the mob leaders turned the objective of federal experts. within the first winning prosecution of lynchers within the Southwest, a different prosecutor published underlying factors for the crime and convicted six.

Seminole Burning isn't just the tale of a lynching and an account of ways landless american citizens invaded Indian Territory. by way of putting this tragic case in context and opposed to the big backdrop of historical past, Littlefield connects it to federal growth of courtroom jurisdiction, to federal makes an attempt to dissolve land titles of the 5 Civilized Tribes, and certainly to the constructing of the country of Oklahoma.

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Both times, they drew perhaps as many people from outside the Maud community as they did from Maud. Most knew little of the circumstances of the crime, had no emotional attachment to the Maud community, and went to the scene mainly out of curiosity. Thus in preparation for the burning, the mob leaders ritualized the activities for the crowd's Page 8 sake. Immediately after the burning, they left Maud, returning to their home communities and leaving the local residents to deal with the aftermath.

In 1895, the Choctaw, Oklahoma, and Gulf Railroad built a line to connect South McAlester in the Choctaw Nation and Oklahoma Territory. It entered the nation at Wewoka and went northwest into Oklahoma, crossing the line near Earlsboro. But the common mode of transportation for the ordinary traveler was horseback. A network of trails webbed the nation, going wherever the terrain allowed horseback riders to pass and connecting the Seminole settlements throughout the nation. The land of the Seminole Nation was not well suited to agriculture on a large scale.

12 Leard was at ease in Indian Territory, having spent most of his life there. He belonged to that class of shiftless farmers whose frustrations mounted as the years passed without any real hope of gaining title to the Indians' land. Leard was, in fact, part of the second generation of his family to be intruders on Indian land. His grandparents, James M. and Zora P. Lewis, had migrated from Lincoln County, Mississippi, to Arkansas in 1869. Poor and lacking teams, they and the families of their older children stopped near Clarendon in eastern Arkansas long enough to make a crop and then moved on up the Arkansas River, settling between Enterprise and Hackett City, just south of Fort Smith and within a mile of the eastern boundary of the Choctaw Nation.

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