By Spiller, Eberhard
ISBN-10: 0819416541
ISBN-13: 9780819416544
ISBN-10: 081941655X
ISBN-13: 9780819416551
This article describes optics more often than not within the 10 to 500 angstrom wavelength quarter. those wavelengths are 50 to a hundred occasions shorter than these for noticeable mild and 50 to a hundred occasions longer than the wavelengths of clinical x rays or x-ray diffraction from normal crystals. there were titanic advances over the last two decades, which you possibly can see as an extension of optical know-how to shorter wavelengths or as an �Read more...
summary: this article describes optics quite often within the 10 to 500 angstrom wavelength zone. those wavelengths are 50 to a hundred occasions shorter than these for noticeable gentle and 50 to a hundred instances longer than the wavelengths of clinical x rays or x-ray diffraction from ordinary crystals. there were giant advances over the last twenty years, which it is easy to see as an extension of optical know-how to shorter wavelengths or as an extension of x-ray diffraction to longer wavelengths. man made diffracting constructions like quarter plates and multilayer mirrors are changing the normal crystals of x-ray diffraction. a few of these constructions can now be fabricated to have diffraction-limited solution. the hot probabilities are defined in an easy, educational approach
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Extra info for Soft X-Ray Optics
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A. Brytov, "Optical constants of tungsten and carbon films deposited in the ultrasoft x-ray region," Opt. Spectroscop. (USSR), 59, pp. 760-762, 1985. 21. F. Stanglmeier, B. Lengeler and W. , A48, pp. 626-639, 1992. 22. J. C. Rife, "Synchrotron x-ray optical-properties of natural diamond," Phys. Rev. B, 47, pp. 3517-3521, 1993. 23. L. Balakireva, A. Vinogradov, I. Kozhevnikov, V. Levashov, S. Sagitov, O. Tolstikhin, V. Chirkov, I. Lyakhovskaya, A. Parobets, V. Kondratenko, Y. Pershin, A. Ponomarenko, A.
Wolter [9, 10] designed systems of two confocal conical systems which produce perfect on-axis images and have a usable field, even at grazing incidence. An example of such a system is shown in Fig. 7. \EFFECTIVE SURFACE MIRROR SURFACES-- ...... Fig. 7. Cross section of a Wolter microscope design, which images object 0 into the image I. The effective surface is perpendicular to the input and output rays. 48 Imaging Systems for X Rays The system consists of sections of a hyperboloid and ellipsoid, which have a common focus at the point Fl.
The surface of a grazing incidence mirror is perpendicular to the desired surface and represents the largest possible deviation from the sine condition. For a zone plate one can fulfill the sine condition even for large apertures, by producing them on a curved surface as indicated by Fig. l. Grazing incidence mirrors require at least two reflecting surfaces to produce any extended image. Kirkpatrick and Baez used the successive reflections from two cylindrical mirrors rotated 90° to produce x-ray images and used their designs for x-ray microscopy [8].