By Barbara Ferry, Damien Gervasoni, Catherine Vogt (auth.)
ISBN-10: 2817804716
ISBN-13: 9782817804712
ISBN-10: 2817804724
ISBN-13: 9782817804729
Stereotaxic neurosurgery in rodents is utilized by numerous humans operating at examine laboratories (research employees, technicians, scholars at animal facilities...). the current guide provides the entire steps essential to whole a stereotaxic neurosurgery protocol based on present animal welfare directions. This ebook will advisor surgeons step-by-step, from anesthesia to the post-surgery restoration techniques, together with asepsis of the surgical instruments and surgical sector, analgesia, competently deciding on the reference issues at the cranium and mind pursuits, and so on. in line with the present foreign developments, the authors in particular specialize in the subsequent issues: the dignity of ache and the way to most sensible deal with it counting on the kind of surgical procedure; and making sure asepsis. This e-book will function a big reference paintings and necessary guidebook for the clinical community.
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Extra info for Stereotaxic Neurosurgery in Laboratory Rodent: Handbook on Best Practices
Example text
As mentioned above, surveillance checklists will provide a real advantage since they will allow an exhaustive examination of clinical signs that would otherwise be overlooked. When an endpoint is reached, a decision is taken to alleviate pain/distress either by administrating a treatment or by using an appropriate method for euthanasia. , injection of a molecule or compound for tract-tracing studies), criteria for an early interruption and euthanasia may include a rapid drop in body weight or a consistent and long period of weight loss that persists despite a change in the food regimen; prolonged lethargy; signs of a central nervous system disorder like tremors, spasms, convulsions, and paralysis; or clinical signs of an infectious disease.
6 Pathways of biosynthesis and degradation of GABA (From Epelbaum 1995). 3 GABA Receptors Three major types of GABAergic receptors exist: GABAA, GABAB, and GABAC (Fig. 7). • GABAA receptors (ionotropic) are coupled to an ion channel specific for chloride ions, the entry of which leads to a hyperpolarization of the cell. This receptor has several different types of binding sites – a site for GABA itself; a benzodiazepine site that potentiates the action of bound GABA through an allosteric effect; a third site that can indiscriminately bind barbiturates, steroids, and alcohol; and a fourth site that binds picrotoxin, a noncompetitive antagonist of GABA.
Selective agonists and antagonists exist for the different receptor groups (see Fig. 3). 4 41 Implication of Glutamate in CNS Disorders The prolonged application of high concentrations of glutamate has neurotoxic effects resulting from a massive influx of calcium into the neuron – this phenomenon is referred to as excitotoxicity. The neurotoxic property of glutamate and related substances plays an important role in neuronal lesions associated with epilepsy, cerebral ischemia, and traumatic brain injury.