By Ronald Eisler
ISBN-10: 1566705037
ISBN-13: 9781566705035
ISBN-10: 1566705045
ISBN-13: 9781566705042
ISBN-10: 1566705053
ISBN-13: 9781566705059
ISBN-10: 1566705061
ISBN-13: 9781566705066
Written over a interval of 17 years, the guide of Chemical danger evaluate exhaustively examines and analyzes the area literature on chemical substances coming into the surroundings from human actions. the 1st quantity covers metals chosen by way of environmental experts of the U.S. Fish and flora and fauna carrier and different source managers. Their offerings have been in keeping with the true or power impression of every contaminant and at the wisdom on hand approximately their mitigation.
The details for every chemical contains resource and use; actual, chemical, and metabolic houses; concentrations in box collections of abiotic fabrics and residing organisms; deficiency results; deadly and sublethal results; and proposed regulatory standards for the security of human overall healthiness and delicate typical assets. every one bankruptcy selectively reports and synthesizes the technical literature on a selected precedence contaminant and its results on the surroundings.
Successful possibility review is based seriously on vast and well-documented databases. they typically contain an excessive amount of - or too little - information regarding too many chemical substances. Of the loads of millions of chemical compounds discharged into the atmosphere, just a small quantity have enough info to aim initial probability review. The guide of Chemical possibility evaluation offers you with the precise volume of data you would like in one source.
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Extra info for Handbook of Chemical Risk Assessment Health Hazards to Humans Plants and Animals
Example text
S. Department of Energy. 1 INTRODUCTION There is no evidence that cadmium (Cd) is biologically essential or beneficial; on the contrary, it has been implicated as the cause of numerous human deaths and various deleterious effects in fish and wildlife. In sufficient concentration, it is toxic to all forms of life, including microorganisms, higher plants, animals, and man. It is a relatively rare metal, usually present in small amounts in zinc ores, and is commercially obtained as an industrial by-product of the production of zinc, copper, and lead.
1; Korte 1983). 005 µg/m 3 in air (Korte 1983; USPHS 1993). Higher values are reported in abiotic materials and living organisms from cadmium-contaminated environments, being highest near cadmium-emitting industries such as smelters, municipal incinerators, and fossil fuel combustion facilities (Eisler 1985; USPHS 1993). Cadmium, unlike synthetic compounds, is a naturally occurring element, and its presence has been detected in more than 1000 species of aquatic and terrestrial flora and fauna. 2; more extensive documentation was presented by Hammons et al.
1996; 84, Clark et al. 1986; 85, Medveder 1995; 86, Thies and Gregory 1994; 87, Laurinolli and Bendell-Young 1996; 88, Cooke and Johnson 1996; 89, Furness 1996; 90, Dietz et al. 1996; 91, Wenzel et al. 1996; 92, Han et al. 1998; 93, Burger and Snodgrass 1998; 94, Kairu 1996; 95, Kim et al. 1998; 96, Watanabe et al. 1998; 97, Brekken and Steinnes 1999; 98, Kabata-Dendias and Stuczynski 1999. 4 LETHAL EFFECTS The lethal effects of cadmium are thought to be caused by free cadmium ions, that is, cadmium not bound to metallothioneins or other proteins.