By Adam B. Jaffe, Josh Lerner, Scott Stern
ISBN-10: 0262600455
ISBN-13: 9780262600453
This annual sequence, subsidized by means of the nationwide Bureau of financial examine, presents a discussion board for examine at the interactions between public coverage, the innovation procedure, and the economic climate. Discussions conceal all kinds of coverage that impact the power of an financial system to accomplish clinical and technological growth or that have an effect on the impression of technological know-how and expertise on financial progress.
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S. Bureau of the Census (2000, Table 2). Material expenses for software are measured as the weighted average of the ratio of cost of goods sold to revenue for the ten largest software firms (measured by net sales in 1997). Based on Form 10-Ks for Microsoft, Compuware, Novell, Cadence Design, Adobe, Electronic Arts, Sybase, and Peoplesoft. Data on cost of goods sold data were unavailable for Oracle and Computer Associates. S. Bureau of the Census (1999b, Table 1). The NAICS code for pharmaceutical preparation is 325412.
While one can, with some effort, compare revenues and costs quantitatively, a similar comparison of actual with maximum profits, particularly as both evolve over time under complex uncertainty, is plainly beyond the ability of economists and courts. Second, we agree with Dennis Carlton and Jeffrey Perloff: "[Tihe definition used by the government's economic witness of an anticompetitive act as one that isn't profit-maximizing absent the returns from increased monopoly profits is too stringent. 85 Most businesses routinely invest in creating intellectual property, advertising, product differentiation, and other efforts.
S. S. S. Note: Based upon plausibly defined markets. GlaxoSmithKline's 77% and 65% shares are specifically for the markets of the chemicals Ceftazidime and Triptan. Sources: In re America Online, Inc. , No. html>; Complaint, In re Glaxo Weilcome plc and SmithKline Beecham plc, No. " International Data Corporation, Report 22184 (May 2000, Table 1); "Gartner's Dataquest Says Oracle is No. html>; "FTC Order Clears Way for $90 Billion Merger of Pfizer, Inc. and Warner Lambert Company", FTC press release, June 19, 2000; "Worldwide Workstation Census, Forecast and Analysis, 1999-2004," International Data Corporation, Report 22183 (May 2000, Table 1) (based on shipments, Sun's worldwide share is 57%; excludes branded personal workstations).