Download Make: Technology on Your Time Volume 16 by Mark Frauenfelder PDF

By Mark Frauenfelder

ISBN-10: 0596523327

ISBN-13: 9780596523329

No venture is most unlikely whilst makers placed their brain to it. MAKE quantity sixteen can help you get shrewdpermanent with a unique part on secret agent tech. construct and use tiny surveillance units, and the way to understand if a secret agent is utilizing them on you. From tiny video cameras to sneaky recorders, this quantity has sufficient cool stuff to make James Bond's inventor Q resentful.

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22). 2 Angiography using intravascular contrast agent (Blood pool CA) injection The principle of this technique is very simple: a contrast agent bolus is injected into the vascular system and MRI displays the transit of this bolus [18]. The key point is to record the information during the passage of the contrast agent. This can be achieved using a T1 -weighted fast GE imaging sequence. MRA is a good example of a specialized MRI technique. ). 21 Principle of the Time-Of-Flight (TOF) MRI, fresh blood imaging sequence.

11), γ I is the nuclear gyromagnetic ratio, g is the electron g factor, μB is the Bohr magneton, rGdH is the electron spin–proton distance, ωI and ωS are the nuclear and electron Larmor frequencies, respectively (ω = γI B , where B is the magnetic field) and A/ is the hyperfine or SC coupling constant between the electron spin of the paramagnetic centre and the proton spin of the coordinated water. 13) where τR = 1/ 6DR is the rank-2 rotational correlation time (with DR being the rotational diffusion coefficient) [29] or, more precisely, the reorientational correlation time of the metal–proton vector and T1e and T2e are the longitudinal and transverse electron spin relaxation times of the metal ion.

Evolution of the signal intensity as a function of TR, a long TR allows the differentiation of the sample in function of their proton density. 16 T1 weighting. Evolution of the signal intensity as a function of TR. A short TR allows the stronger discrimination of the samples in function of their T1 values as displayed in the phantom samples and human brain images (samples with short T1 are in hypersignal). 1 Proton density weighting With a long TR, the remaining longitudinal magnetization is completely recovered before the next RF excitation pulse, with an identical magnetization signal for the two T1 samples.

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