By Bryan Fry
ISBN-10: 0199309396
ISBN-13: 9780199309399
Venom study and know-how has complex tremendously, quickly reworking our wisdom of reptile venoms. study advances, just like the improvement of molecular systematics, give you the framework essential to reconstruct the evolutionary background of glands and fangs. Such examine advancements have multiplied our realizing of venom's evolution and its usefulness in healing improvement. the result of this punctuated toxin molecular evolutionary growth contain protein neofunctionalization. whereas those alterations could effect antivenom efficacy, this molecular range additionally enables their usefulness within the improvement of novel drug therapies.
Venomous Reptiles And Their Toxins brings jointly the world's best toxinologists during this entire learn of the whole scope of reptile venoms, from medical results to evolution to drug layout and improvement. The booklet includes certain utilized chapters on medical care of the envenomed sufferer, useless conventional or glossy treatments, occupational issues fascinated with the upkeep of institutional venomous reptile collections, veterinary take care of venomous reptiles and examine equipment utilized in venom examine. This e-book additionally devotes a bankruptcy to every toxin classification present in reptile venoms, detailing the entire trajectory of study at the peptide or protein in query. those chapters talk about every one toxin's respective function within the envenomation method via to how each one has been explored for his or her biomedical strength. This booklet is a different source for an individual operating with venomous reptiles.
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Additional resources for Venomous Reptiles and Their Toxins: Evolution, Pathophysiology and Biodiscovery
Sample text
By contrast, in the snakes and anguimorph lizards, the venom system has been extensively refined (Fry et al. 2003c; Fry and Wüster 2004; Fry et al. 2006; Fry et al. 2009b; Fry et al. 2010a; Fry et al. 2010b; Fry et al. 2013) (see color plates 4, 5, and 6). Since their last common ancestor, the venom systems in these two groups have undergone major structural and anatomical divergence. The maxillary venom glands underwent extensive diversification in snakes, while the mandibular glands were diversified in anguimorph lizards.
Fry. 3). (A) A high-density approach to keeping snakes in a commercial venom-extraction facility with large, top-opening, horizontal cages for large, fast-moving elapid snakes and rack systems for small specimens. Naturalistic enclosures that not only meet the basic husbandry needs of the specimens but are aesthetically pleasing: (B) a specialized 70,000-L enclosure for Hydrophis curtus (formerly Lapemis curtus); (C) Crotalus horridus; (D) Bothriechis schlegeli; and (E) Crotalus oreganus concolor.
2003c; Fry and Wüster 2004; Fry et al. 2006; Fry et al. 2009b; Fry et al. 2010a; Fry et al. 2010b; Fry et al. 2013) (see color plates 4, 5, and 6). Since their last common ancestor, the venom systems in these two groups have undergone major structural and anatomical divergence. The maxillary venom glands underwent extensive diversification in snakes, while the mandibular glands were diversified in anguimorph lizards. Differences are notable in the types of secretory epithelia (serous, seromucous, and mucous) and their locations (gland, duct, transition area) and in the number and physical orientation of gland compartments and the relative encapsulation of the glands and the muscles attached to them.